History

Archeological evidence suggests that Leon County has been inhabited since at least 4000 B.C. In more recent history, the Bidai Indians occupied the land until the late 18th century when European explorers arrived. A devastating smallpox epidemic significantly weakened the Native American population, making way for further settlement. The area remained sparsely populated until after the Texas Revolution, when forts were established to protect settlers from remaining Native American groups. As conflicts subsided, more people moved into the region, and in 1846, Leon County was officially formed from neighboring Robertson County. The Civil War severely impacted Leon County's economy, causing widespread hardship. Recovery did not begin until the 1870s when the railroad connected the county to broader markets, spurring economic growth. For nearly 50 years, the county experienced steady development, but droughts, the boll weevil plague, and the Great Depression created major setbacks. Recovery came with World War II, as increased demand for agricultural products and technological advancements revitalized the local economy. After the war, the county transitioned away from cotton farming and focused on livestock production, oil extraction, and a more diversified agricultural sector. Today, Leon County maintains its historical economic foundation, with livestock, oil and gas, and timber continuing to drive its economy.

Recreation

Leon County offers a variety of recreational activities that reflect its small-town charm and natural beauty. Lake Limestone is a major attraction, providing opportunities for boating, watersports, fishing, and kayaking. The annual Buffalo Stampede Festival brings the community together with live music, local crafts, and diverse food options. Farmers' markets throughout the county highlight the region’s rich agricultural heritage by offering fresh produce and locally raised meats.

Industry

Leon County's economy remains deeply rooted in agriculture. Cattle ranching, hay production, poultry farming, and timber harvesting serve as key pillars of the local economy. The energy sector is another major contributor, with oil and gas production playing a significant role in the county's economic stability. Additionally, the county's abundant woodlands support a strong timber and lumber industry, which produces a range of products for export. While Leon County remains primarily agricultural, its energy and timber sectors continue to support economic growth and diversification.