History

Archeological evidence suggests that Paleo-Indians first inhabited Washington County thousands of years ago. In recorded history, the Tamique and Xaraname occupied much of the land, with the Tonkawa and Apache also frequenting the area. Anglo settlers arrived in 1821, recruited by Stephen F. Austin as part of his first colony. By the 1830s, Washington had developed into a commercial center for the region. During the Texas Revolution, Washington served as the headquarters for the rebellion, with Sam Houston establishing his command there. Following Texas' independence, Washington County was officially formed in 1836. The county flourished with a steady influx of immigrants and even served as the capital of Texas in the 1840s. A large plantation economy developed, but the abolition of slavery during the Civil War disrupted the local economy. However, the arrival of thousands of immigrants in the late 19th century helped revitalize the area. At the start of the 20th century, a boll weevil infestation, severe droughts, and the Great Depression devastated the county's agriculture-based economy. These setbacks led to a significant population decline that continued until the 1970s. Over time, Washington County adapted and diversified its economy. Today, while it remains largely rural, the county benefits from industries such as oil and gas, manufacturing, and retail.

Recreation

Known as the "Birthplace of Texas," Washington County offers a variety of attractions for visitors. One of the most famous sites is the Blue Bell Creameries factory, where guests can tour the facility and enjoy freshly made ice cream. For outdoor enthusiasts, Lake Somerville State Park provides excellent opportunities for boating, swimming, and fishing. The county is also rich in history, with Washington-on-the-Brazos Historic Site marking the location where Texas declared independence from Mexico. The site includes the Star of the Republic Museum, which showcases exhibits highlighting the state's history.

Industry

Washington County has a diverse economy driven by energy, manufacturing, and agriculture. The oil and gas industry is a major contributor, with the county ranking among Texas’ top producers of natural gas. This sector provides jobs and generates tax revenue that supports local infrastructure. Manufacturing also plays a key role, with Blue Bell Creameries serving as one of the largest employers. Other manufacturers produce metal goods, construction materials, and food products. Agriculture remains vital, with cattle ranching, poultry farming, and crop production, particularly hay, corn, and pecans, supporting the local economy. Agritourism has also grown, attracting visitors to farms, markets, and seasonal festivals. These industries together create a balanced economy that sustains Washington County’s growth.