Colorado County

History

Archeological evidence suggests that Colorado County has been inhabited for over 10,000 years. The first recorded inhabitants were the Tonkawa and Karankawa tribes. Spanish explorers were the first Europeans to map the region, but they never established permanent settlements. Anglo settlers arrived in 1821 as part of Stephen F. Austin's Old Three Hundred colony. Many settlers abandoned their homes during the Texas Revolution but returned in 1836 after Texas secured independence. In 1837, Texas officially established Colorado County as one of its original counties. The Civil War disrupted the local economy due to Union blockades and wartime instability. The struggles continued during Reconstruction as residents adjusted to the abolition of slavery. Colorado County faced additional hardship during the Great Depression, but new industries helped lessen the economic blow. The emergence of oil, gravel mining, and manufacturing diversified the local economy, while improvements in transportation further integrated the county into the broader Texas economy. Today, Colorado County maintains its agricultural heritage while embracing new industries that support economic stability and growth.

Recreation

Colorado County offers a blend of outdoor recreation and historical charm. The Colorado River provides excellent opportunities for canoeing, kayaking, and fishing. Eagle Lake is one of Texas's premier waterfowl hunting destinations, attracting hunters from across the state. Columbus, one of the oldest towns in Texas, features well-preserved 19th-century architecture in its historic downtown district. The Colorado County Fair, held annually in the fall, is a major community event that celebrates the county’s agricultural heritage with livestock shows, rodeos, a carnival, and live music.

Industry

Agriculture and ranching continue to be the backbone of Colorado County’s economy. The fertile land along the Colorado River makes it ideal for growing crops such as cotton, corn, rice, and pecans. Cattle ranching dominates the livestock industry, though some ranchers also raise horses, sheep, and goats. While Colorado County is not a major oil and gas producer compared to other Texas regions, energy extraction has played a role in the local economy since the early 20th century. In recent years, the county has diversified its energy sector by investing in wind and solar farms, contributing to Texas’s growing renewable energy industry. Additionally, small-scale manufacturing and gravel mining provide employment opportunities and further strengthen the county’s economic landscape.